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Engineering Plastic Terms & Properties: A Plain-Language Guide

If you’re specifying or designing with engineering plastics for the first time, the data sheets can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks down the most important material properties — what they measure, and why they matter for your application.

Engineering Notes: What to Keep in Mind

Before diving into individual properties, there are a few “good engineering practice” guidelines that apply across the board.

• Safety Factors. For properties that report ultimate strength values, divide the number by 4 to arrive at a safe working stress. For example, if a material has a compressive strength of 12,000 psi, design the part to a working maximum of 3,000 psi.
• Temperature. All properties are reported at 70°F–73°F and are typically tested in a controlled lab environment. Temperature affects all materials, but plastics more than most. As temperatures increase, properties tend to decrease (the material softens), and chemical resistance declines. At lower temperatures, properties also shift — especially impact resistance, as cold materials become more brittle.
• Time. The longer a material is exposed to any external stress — thermal, chemical, electrical, or mechanical — the greater the cumulative effect. Under sustained mechanical load, a material can permanently deform even below its yield point. This is called creep or cold flow (time-dependent deformation), and it becomes more severe as temperature increases.
• Test Criteria. Know which test method was used to generate a given data point. For instance, ASTM D-648 allows Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) testing to be run at either 66 psi or the standard 264 psi. The lower load produces a higher — and therefore more favorable-looking — HDT number.
• How a Value Is Reported. There are “word games” in material data that can make one supplier’s product appear superior to another’s. Moisture absorption for cast nylon is a good example — a data sheet might report any of the following:
  • 24-hour absorption (from a dry state): typically 0.3% to 0.7%
  • Equilibrium content (average absorption from ambient air): typically 2% to 4% — highly dependent on geography, storage conditions, and time; often a “red herring”
  • Saturation (maximum possible absorption): typically around 7%

  For the same basic material, you can legitimately see reported values anywhere from 0.3% to 7%. Reputable suppliers report both the 24-hour and full saturation values.

• Fillers Change Properties. Always confirm the properties for the exact material formulation being specified. For example, 30% carbon fiber filled PEEK has different stiffness, heat transfer, and wear properties compared to unfilled PEEK — and it loses FDA compliance. Colors generally do not affect mechanical properties, but they can affect food-contact compliance and similar certifications.

Common Engineering Plastic Properties Defined

Mechanical Properties

• Specific Gravity (SG) / Density — ASTM D-792 The ratio of a material’s weight compared to the same volume of water. This determines part weight. Materials with an SG below 1.00 will float, as they are lighter than water.
• Tensile Strength — ASTM D-638 The pulling force (in psi) required to break a material at a given temperature. This determines how much tensile load a given cross-section can withstand without breaking.
• Tensile Modulus — ASTM D-638 A measure (in psi) of how stiff a material is when under tension. This allows calculation of how much a material will strain under a given tensile stress.
• Elongation — ASTM D-638 The percentage increase in a material’s length at the point of breaking. A higher value generally indicates a tougher, more ductile material.
• Flexural Strength — ASTM D-790 A measure of how much bending force a material can absorb before breaking. This determines the maximum bending load a given cross-section can withstand, whether fixed at one end or supported at both ends with a center load.
• Flexural Modulus — ASTM D-790 A measure (in psi) of how stiff a material is under flexural load. It represents a combination of tensile strain (one side stretching) plus compressive strain (the opposite side compressing).
• Compressive Strength — ASTM D-695 Determines how much compressive load a given cross-section can withstand without breaking.
• Compressive Modulus — ASTM D-695 A measure (in psi) of how stiff a material is when being compressed. Allows calculation of how much a material will strain under compressive stress.
• Shear Strength — ASTM D-695 Determines how much shearing force a given cross-section can withstand before failing.
• Hardness — ASTM D-785 Measures resistance to indentation. Various test methods and scales exist (Durometer, Rockwell, etc.) and there is no direct correlation between scales — only compare values reported on the same scale. Within a given scale, a higher number means harder. Most engineering plastics are reported using Rockwell scales.
• IZOD Impact Resistance — ASTM D-256, Method A (ft·lbs/in) A measure of impact resistance or “toughness.” It measures notch sensitivity and is typically used alongside other properties to identify the best candidate material for impact environments.

Thermal Properties

• Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) — ASTM D-648 (°F) The temperature at which a ½” thick test bar deflects 0.010″. This is the key “working stress” number and a practical indicator of maximum operating temperature under load. Usually reported at 264 psi.
• Continuous Use Temperature (CUT) — UL 746 or resin data The maximum temperature at which a material can operate in air for 100,000 hours (~11 years) with no load and still retain at least 50% of its physical properties. Relevant mainly for lightly loaded parts in sustained high-temperature service.
• Melt Point — ASTM D-348 (°F) The temperature at which a crystalline or semi-crystalline material becomes fluid. Most relevant for processing and extrusion.
• Glass Transition Temperature — ASTM D-348 (°F) The “softening” temperature for amorphous materials. Important for companies doing thermoforming — it’s the minimum temperature needed to thermoform materials like PC, PMMA, or PET-G.
• Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE) — ASTM D-831 Measures how much a material shrinks or grows with changes in temperature. Important for designing clearances and fits over a broad temperature range. Values are reported as the linear average across 30°F to 300°F.
• Thermal Conductivity — ASTM D-5930 The rate at which heat is conducted through a material. Determines a material’s effectiveness as a thermal insulator — the lower the value, the better the insulation.

Electrical Properties

• Dielectric Constant — ASTM D-150 Describes a material’s ability to store electrical energy (act as a capacitor). Allows designers to compare materials for their ability to inhibit or pass electrical current.
• Dissipation Factor — ASTM D-150 Measures dielectric loss in an AC current. Loss is expressed as heat, and since heat is generally unwanted, materials with a low dissipation factor are preferred for electrical applications.
• Dielectric Strength — ASTM D-149 The voltage at which a 1mm sample fails as an electrical insulator. This is primarily a comparative test between materials and should not be used alone as a design criteria.
• Volume Resistivity — ASTM D-257 Provides an estimate of current flow through a material for a given applied voltage. Important when evaluating static dissipative material performance.

Other Properties

• Flammability — UL 94 A standardized measure of how a material burns under specific controlled conditions. An important safety consideration. Ratings are reported by material thickness, and actual UL testing generates a “Yellow Card” for the specific resin.
• Coefficient of Friction (COF) Measures the “slipperiness” of a material against another surface — typically steel for engineering plastics. Distinguishes between static COF (force to start sliding) and dynamic COF (force to keep sliding). Critical for designing slide bearings and wear pads.
• Moisture (Water) Absorption — ASTM D-570 The percentage increase in a material’s weight based on water absorbed, measured at 24 hours and at full saturation. Addresses two concerns: dimensional stability (more water absorption means more dimensional growth) and property changes (absorbed moisture generally makes materials softer and less wear resistant).

Common Engineering Thermoplastics at a Glance

WS Hampshire fabricates components from a range of high-performance thermoplastics. Here is a quick summary of four of the most widely used.

• Acetal (Copolymer & Homopolymer) Acetal offers excellent dimensional stability and is ideal for wear applications in wet environments. Its primary limitation is excessive wear in dry applications. Common uses include bearings, wear parts, solenoid blocks, hinge pins, gears, sprockets, nozzles, pistons, pump parts, guides, and fittings. It serves transportation, food processing, medical, and paper processing industries. Available in plate, rod, and tube; natural, black, and blue.
• PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) PET combines the wear resistance of nylon with the dimensional stability of acetal, and performs well in both wet and dry environments. Its main limitation is that it is inherently a brittle material. Applications include bearings, wear parts, scrapers, nozzles, pistons, dispensing heads, guides, plungers, cams, tension wheels, pump parts, and valves. Industries include transportation, food processing, bottling equipment, and medical. Available in plate and rod (tube available on special order); internally lubricated bearing grade also stocked. Natural and black.
• Nylon Nylon outwears acetal by a 3:1 ratio in dry applications, making it a strong performer where lubrication is unavailable. Its limitation is moisture absorption, which can cause excessive wear and dimensional tolerance issues in wet environments. Applications include bearings, bushings, rollers, guides, slide pads, sprockets, gears, star wheels, chain guides, and wear strips. Used in construction, conveying, transportation, food processing, medical, and paper processing. Available in plate and rod; natural and black.
• PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) PEEK delivers excellent wear resistance, a continuous use temperature up to 480°F, strong chemical resistance, and long-term stability. Its primary limitation is cost — it is significantly more expensive than other mechanical plastics. Applications include valves, insulators, valve seats, pump wear rings, pump parts, washers, and bearings. Used in construction, semiconductor, transportation, chemical processing, food processing, and medical industries. Available in plate and rod; natural brown.

Need Help Selecting the Right Material?

Choosing the right engineering plastic involves balancing mechanical, thermal, chemical, and cost factors specific to your application. WS Hampshire’s team can help you match the right material to your design requirements — contact us at info@wshampshire.com or call 800.541.0251.

How to Choose the Right Electrical Insulation Material for Power Equipment

Electrical insulation components are often treated as simple non-metallic parts, but material selection has a direct impact on equipment reliability, safety, and service life. In power equipment, the wrong material can lead to dielectric breakdown, thermal degradation, tracking, cracking, or premature replacement. The right material helps the equipment perform as intended under voltage, heat, humidity, and mechanical load.

At WS Hampshire, we machine electrical insulation components for applications where structural strength and dielectric performance must work together. This includes support blocks, insulation barriers, terminal boards, spacers, phase separators, and other custom-fabricated non-metallic parts. The most important part of the process is understanding the actual operating environment before choosing the material.

For general structural electrical insulation, Ryertex G10 is often a strong starting point. It offers good mechanical strength and dielectric performance for many rigid support applications. When flame-retardant performance is required, Ryertex FR4 may be the better option. If the application runs hotter, or if the equipment needs more temperature margin, Ryertex G11 or Ryertex FR5 may be more appropriate.

Mica becomes especially important when the application moves beyond what standard glass-epoxy laminates comfortably manage. In higher-temperature electrical environments, mica can provide the combination of heat resistance and insulating performance needed for more demanding components. Choosing between muscovite mica and phlogopite mica depends on whether electrical performance or extreme temperature resistance is the main driver.

That is where WS Hampshire adds value. We do more than machine parts to print. We help customers think through how temperature, voltage, flame resistance, humidity, and mechanical loading affect material choice. When a part must insulate, support, and survive, the material decision matters just as much as the geometry.

Contact us today to learn more about how our Ryertex solutions can enhance your operations or to inquire about custom components.

5 Essential Engineering Guidelines for Designing Plastic Parts

When designing engineering plastic parts, treating plastics exactly like metals is a common pitfall. To ensure long-term performance, durability, and safety, engineers must apply specific “good engineering practice” guidelines tailored to the unique behaviors of polymer materials.

5 Essential Engineering Guidelines

Here are five critical rules to keep in mind when engineering plastic components.

Always Calculate a “Working Stress” Safety Factor

Unlike metals, plastic properties especially those involving ultimate strength values require a generous safety factor.

• To find a safe working stress, you should divide the material’s ultimate strength value by 4.
• For example, if a plastic has a compressive strength of 12,000 psi, you should design the part with a maximum working pressure of 3,000 psi.

Account for Temperature Fluctuations

Material data sheets generally report properties at a comfortable, ambient lab environment of 70°F-73°F. However, temperature affects plastics much more dramatically than other materials.

• High Temperatures: As heat increases, the material softens, properties tend to decrease, and chemicals become more aggressive against the plastic. Furthermore, the material can begin to oxidize from the surface inward.
• Low Temperatures: As the temperature drops, impact resistance decreases and the material becomes significantly more brittle.

Understanding “Creep” (Cold Flow)

Time is a massive factor in plastic design. The longer a plastic is exposed to external stresses whether mechanical, thermal, chemical, or electrical the greater the effect on the material.

• Under continuous mechanical forces, plastics can permanently deform even if the load is below the material’s “yield point”.
• This time-dependent deformation is called “creep” or “cold flow”.
• Creep becomes exponentially more severe as the operating temperature increases.

Scrutinize Test Criteria and “Word Games”

Not all spec sheets are created equal. It is critical to know exactly which test methods were used to generate the reported data.

• For example, ASTM D-648 tests Heat Deflection Temperature, but allows loads of either 66 psi or 264 psi; the lower load will obviously generate a much higher (and potentially misleading) temperature rating.
• Watch out for moisture absorption reporting. A supplier might report an “Equilibrium” content (2% to 4%), which relies entirely on ambient air and storage conditions. Reputable suppliers will usually report the 24-hour absorption rate (from a dry state) and the full saturation rate (the absolute maximum moisture it can absorb, often around 7%).

Remember That Fillers Change Everything

You must always review the properties for the specific filled material, not just the base resin. Adding a filler drastically alters a material’s capabilities:

• Compared to unfilled PEEK, a 30% carbon fiber filled PEEK will have completely different stiffness, heat transfer, and wear properties.
• Additionally, adding fillers like carbon fiber will cause the material to lose its FDA compliance. (Note: While colors usually do not affect physical properties, they can also affect food compliance ).

Expert Fabrication and Material Selection

Designing with plastics requires looking beyond the basic data sheet. At W.S. Hampshire, our experts understand the nuances of creep and cold flow, thermal expansion, and applying the proper safety factors to ultimate strength values to ensure your custom non-metallic parts perform exactly as intended.

Contact us today to discuss your next project.

Choosing the Right Mechanical Plastic: Acetal, PET, Nylon, or PEEK?

Selecting the right engineering plastic for bearing and wear applications can make or break your machinery’s performance. Factors like moisture, temperature, and friction dictate which polymer will survive in your specific environment.

To simplify your selection process, here is a breakdown of four of the most heavily utilized engineering plastics, their distinct benefits, and where they excel.

Acetal (Copolymer & Homopolymer)

Acetal is a go-to workhorse for precise components, particularly in damp environments.

• The Benefits: Acetal provides excellent dimensional stability. It is exceptionally ideal for wear applications in wet environments.
• The Limitations: It experiences excessive wear in dry applications.
• Top Applications: Bearing and wear parts, pump parts, gears, solenoid blocks, and dispensing heads. It is heavily utilized in the food processing, medical, and paper processing industries.

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)

PET bridges the gap between the strengths of Acetal and Nylon.

• The Benefits: PET combines the excellent wear resistance of Nylon with the superior dimensional stability of Acetal. Unlike Acetal, PET wears well in both wet and dry environments.
• The Limitations: It is inherently a brittle material.
• Top Applications: Scrapers, plungers, tension wheels, valves, and bottling equipment.

Nylon

Nylon is legendary for its toughness, but requires careful environmental consideration.

• The Benefits: In dry applications, Nylon dramatically outwears Acetal by a factor of 3:1.
• The Limitations: Nylon readily absorbs moisture. If used in wet environments, this moisture absorption results in excessive wear and potential tolerance issues due to swelling.
• Top Applications: Bushings, rollers, star wheels, slide pads, and chain guides in construction and conveying equipment.

PEEK (Polyetheretherketone)

When environments get extreme, PEEK is the premier high-performance choice.

• The Benefits: PEEK offers incredible chemical resistance and stability, excellent wear resistance, and a continuous use temperature of up to 480°F.
• The Limitations: It carries a typically much higher cost compared to other standard mechanical plastics
• Top Applications: Valve seats, insulators, pump wear rings, and wafers. It is highly sought after in semiconductor, chemical processing, and high-heat transportation applications.

Need Help Selecting the Right Material?

Choosing between Acetal, PET, Nylon, and PEEK ultimately comes down to the specifics of your operating environment, such as moisture levels , continuous use temperatures , and whether you require dry or wet wear resistance.

At W.S. Hampshire, we specialize in helping engineers select, machine, and fabricate the perfect non-metallic materials for demanding applications. Our team can help you navigate the “word games” of material data sheets and ensure you are using the correct test criteria for your specific industry requirements.

Contact us today to discuss your project or request a material recommendation.

When to Use Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic Materials

In modern manufacturing, non-metallic polymer materials are becoming a common choice over metals for many applications. Not only are they lighter and more durable without sacrificing strength, they also resist corrosion and are often more cost-effective.

To truly unlock those advantages, it’s important to understand the differences between the two primary types of polymers: thermosets and thermoplastics. Each offers unique performance traits and may be more or less suitable for different applications.

Keep reading to learn the difference between these types of materials, examples of both, and tips for determining which is best for a given application.

What Is a Thermoset?

Thermosets are polymers that experience a permanent chemical change when cured. Once set, they can’t be melted and reshaped again. This gives them good dimensional stability and superior resistance to heat, chemicals, and mechanical stress.

Thermosets are good choices for applications where heat resistance and structural integrity are top priorities. They frequently outperform traditional metals, including high-stress environments where chemical exposure, temperature fluctuation, and vibration would cause premature component wear.

Examples of Thermoset Materials

Some common thermoset materials include:

• Phenolic: Ryertex is widely used in power generation and heavy equipment because it’s strong, rigid, and provides excellent electrical insulation.
• Epoxy and Polyester Composites: These composites offer dimensional stability and high fatigue resistance even under extreme load and temperature conditions.
• Melamine and Silicone Resins: They provide exceptional flame resistance and mechanical durability for specialized environments.

WS Hampshire uses Ryertex thermoset laminates for applications including power generation, where heat and vibration dramatically shorten the lifespan of metal components. The result is improved reliability and far fewer maintenance cycles.

What Is a Thermoplastic?

Unlike thermoset materials, thermoplastics can be softened by heat and reshaped numerous times without changing their chemical composition. This means they are recyclable and easier to machine than thermosets.

They are less resilient under high-heat or high-stress conditions; however, thermoplastics excel when made into wear parts in dynamic, wear-intensive systems. They are lighter than metals, minimize friction, and in contact motion systems, they commonly outperform metallic parts.

Examples of Thermoplastic Materials

• Nylon: Extremely tough and durable for high load, high impact applications.
• UHMW (Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene): Extremely low coefficient of friction is ideal for sliding applications.
• Acetal (POM): These materials are chosen for their low coefficient of friction, high stiffness, and excellent dimensional stability, making them ideal for gears and precision parts.
• PEEK (Polyetheretherketone): It excels in demanding applications due to its mechanical strength, temperature resistance, and chemical inertness.

Thermoplastics are widely used in WS Hampshire’s wear pad products. These nonmetallic pads have an extended service life, are not prone to corrosion, and protect structural supports, bridge bearings, and machinery from direct metal-on-metal contact.

How to Choose Between Thermoset vs. Thermoplastic Materials for Your Application

When choosing between thermoset and thermoplastic composites for an application, start by defining the primary operating environment and performance needs. Key considerations include:

• Will the part be exposed to high temperatures or constant loading?
  If so, thermosets are a better choice because of their stability and heat resistance.
• Does the part require flexibility or impact resistance? Will it be subject to repeated motion?
  Here, a thermoplastic would be best due to their pliability and relative softness compared to thermosets. Their low friction properties are ideal for moving parts in assemblies.
• Is corrosion a factor?
  Both thermosets and thermoplastics resist corrosion far better than most metals; however, the specific chemical exposure(s) of the application will determine which material is best.
• Do weight or wear resistance matter?
  Thermoplastics, UHMW and nylon in particular, offer dynamic wear resistance. They’re also significantly lighter than their metal counterparts.

Depending on the formulation and part design, nonmetallic materials can handle the same or even greater loads than metals. Our material experts at WS Hampshire can help you match the laminates and polymers to your application’s specific load, temperature, and wear profile.

Case Study: Long-Term Value in a Steel Mill Transformation

In one of our customer success stories, a steel mill used Ryertex nonmetallic materials in place of metal components. The old steel parts they once relied on required frequent maintenance and sustained damage from corrosion and surface scoring.

When they switched to Ryertex laminates and wear pads, the results were:

While the project started as a small retrofit job, it soon evolved into a full-scale transformation of the mill’s key mechanical systems. Its metal components were replaced with high-performance nonmetallic alternatives, resulting in many operational benefits.

Contact WS Hampshire for Expert Guidance

WS Hampshire specializes in custom fabrication of parts and components made from non-metallic materials. Our capabilities include CNC machining, punching, stamping, rotary die, vacuum forming, and assembly. We serve industries ranging from steel and aluminum rolling to mining to food processing and beyond, producing OEM-quality parts as well as small-volume custom components.

Contact us to discuss your application and to explore the thermoset and thermoplastic materials we offer.

Replacing Metal Components With Non-Metallic Materials: Key Benefits and Applications

Many traditional systems and assemblies have long depended on metal components, but advances in high-performance polymers and other non-metallic materials are reshaping what’s possible in modern systems. Today, non-metallic components can match or even exceed metals in wear resistance, durability, chemical resistance, and weight reduction—often at a lower cost. Understanding where these materials can effectively replace metal helps engineers and manufacturers choose the best option for their specific application.

Benefits of Switching From Metallic to Non-Metallic Parts

When used in the right applications, non-metallic materials offer the following key advantages over metallic materials:

• Reduced wear. Many thermoplastic materials offer superior durability and corrosion resistance that you won’t find with metal materials. For example, nylon is highly resistant to rust and corrosion for use in outdoor and heavy industrial environments, while also remaining highly durable due to its minimal deflection when subjected to heavy loads. In addition, metallic parts often require lubrication to provide wear resistance, while non-metallic components are self-lubricating.
• Less downtime. Increased wear resistance and ease of maintenance can also help reduce downtime, keeping systems up and running for longer and maximizing productivity. 
• Lower maintenance costs. Metal parts are often costlier to replace and repair. In contrast, non-metallic alternatives are generally lighter, easier to remove and replace, and last longer to mitigate the need for frequent maintenance.
• Enhanced safety. Working with lighter components makes installation, maintenance, and replacement procedures safer for personnel.

Where and When to Replace Metallic With Non-Metallic Parts

There are plenty of components that can benefit from transitioning from metallic to non-metallic materials.

Wear Plates, Bearings, and Bushings

One of the best use cases for replacing metallic with non-metallic parts is wear applications. Comparing non-metallic vs. metallic wear pads, non-metallic wear pads are only 14% of the weight of steel and are much more cost-effective over the service life of the part. Thermoset laminates like Ryertex often go into the fabrication of wear plates, bearings, and other types of wear components in facilities where extreme temperatures, high operational speeds, and heavy loads would otherwise cause rapid wear and tear of metallic parts.

Electrical and Thermal Insulation

Due to their low thermal and electrical conductivity, non-metallic components are ideal for insulation applications in data centers, solar and wind energy plants, and fusion energy systems.

Outrigger Pads

Reliable outrigger pads provide sufficient rig support. Steel and wood outrigger pads are often susceptible to corrosion and cracking, especially in marine environments, but non-metallic outrigger pads can prevent splintering, warping, and other defects while evenly distributing weight.

If you need high-quality non-metallic materials for these or other applications, WS Hampshire offers a wide range of engineered products that can meet your unique requirements.

Case Study: Custom Cast Nylon Wear Pad

Showcasing the advantages of using non-metallic vs. metallic wear pads is one of our case studies involving a client in need of more reliable slipper pads.

This client was a specialty mill that sought ways to cut down on maintenance and other significant expenses. In assessing cost factors, one of the biggest expenses was their aluminum bronze alloy slipper pad, which required removal using a crane during maintenance and replacement. Additionally, this component didn’t last long, requiring frequent replacement.

To improve this part’s longevity and cost-effectiveness, the mill turned to WS Hampshire for help with material selection. We determined which thermoplastics would yield the best results while helping the client stay within their available budget.

The result was a custom cast nylon wear pad that included self-lubricating and impact-modified features. This material lowered the wear part’s weight from 100 to 20 pounds while maximizing its lifespan.

Quality Non-Metallic Parts From WS Hampshire

For high-quality, engineered non-metallic wear pads, bushings, and other components, WS Hampshire specializes in manufacturing dependable solutions. Based on what your application requires, we offer a range of products and materials, from thermoplastics to composite materials to electrical insulation.

From our 135,000-square-foot facility, we carry an expansive inventory to provide our clients with the products they need when they need them. We offer Ryertex, Timco Technical Thermoplastics, nylon, phenolics, thermoset laminates, and many other engineered materials to meet the needs of each intended application.

To learn more about switching from metallic to non-metallic materials, contact us today.

How OEM-Approved Composite Bearings Outperform Metal in Harsh Environments

In high-wear, high-stress applications, bearings provide critical support, reducing friction and promoting smooth motion. When it comes to heavy equipment, marine, and industrial machinery, metal bearings have been the go-to choice for decades. Now, traditional metal bearings are being increasingly replaced in challenging operating conditions by composite bearings and bushings.

These composite, non-metal components can deliver longer lifespans, lower maintenance needs, and lightweight performance. If you’re an engineer or maintenance professional prioritizing durability and uptime, here’s everything you need to understand about OEM-validated composite bearings, specifically those featuring Ryertex® laminates and Timco™ technical thermoplastics and the numerous ways they outperform traditional metal.

Advantages of Composite Bearings Over Metal Bearings

Composite bearings are engineered using advanced thermoset resins and thermoplastics designed to perform well in environments that promote corrosion and wear. Unlike generic plastics, materials like Ryertex® are reinforced with glass, linen, or paper fabrics to provide structural integrity that rivals bronze and steel.

Corrosion Resistance

Even with expensive coatings or stainless alloys, metal bearings are constantly threatened by oxidation. Composite bearings, particularly those made from Acetal (Delrin®) or UHMW, do not degrade, pit, or rust when exposed to chemicals, salt spray, or water. This makes them the gold standard for marine applications and chemical processing where exposure is unavoidable.

Reduced Friction and Wear

Composite bearings enable low-friction performance, often with self-lubricating properties. Materials such as PET-GLor MoS2-filled Nylon incorporate lubricants directly into the polymer matrix. As a result, less energy is lost and wear rates remain low, especially in oscillating or slow-moving applications where metal bearings often suffer from “stick-slip” issues.

Stable Performance Across Temperature Fluctuations

While some plastics struggle with heat, high-performance composites like PEEK and specific Ryertex® grades are designed to maintain dimensional stability across a broad range of temperatures (from cryogenic up to 572° F). This prevents the binding and performance degradation common in metal-on-metal systems during thermal expansion.

No Lubrication Requirements

Many composite bearings are “fit and forget.” By eliminating the need for regular grease intervals, maintenance teams benefit from cleaner operating conditions and a total removal of the risk of lubrication-related failures. This is especially critical in “clean” industries like food processing or in remote heavy equipment where service calls are costly.

Common High-Wear Applications of Non-Metal Bearings

Heavy Equipment

In agriculture, construction, and mining, equipment operates under extreme shock loads. Ryertex composite bushings are often preferred here because they can absorb impact and resist contamination better than rigid steel, protecting the more expensive pins and housings from damage.

Marine Applications

In propulsion components and steering systems, composite bearings excel. Because materials like Nylon and Acetal have low water absorption and resist salt-water corrosion, OEMs trust them to operate fully submerged for long periods without seizing.

Industrial Machinery

Timco™ Technical Thermoplastics are frequently used in conveyors and processing equipment. Whether it is the chemical resistance of PEEK or the impact strength of UHMW, these materials ensure that repetitive motion doesn’t lead to the rapid wear-down common with brass or bronze bushings.

Why OEM Approval Matters

Not all composite materials are created equal. OEM approval signifies that a material such as a specific grade of Ryertex® has been thoroughly vetted to meet the exact tolerances and load requirements of the original equipment manufacturer.

At WS Hampshire, we don’t just provide plastic; we provide engineered solutions. Our OEM-approved composite bearings provide:

• Consistent Material Quality: Precise resin-to-fabric ratios in every Ryertex® sheet and tube.
• Seamless Compatibility: Fabricated in-house to match original equipment blueprints exactly.
• Lower Risk: Proven performance that prevents unplanned downtime and premature failure.

Contact WS Hampshire for OEM-Approved Composite Bearings

If you’re looking at bearing solutions for your high-wear applications in heavy equipment, marine systems, or industrial machinery, WS Hampshire is ready to help identify the right Ryertex® or Timco™ material for your operation.

Contact us today and let’s optimize your equipment’s lifecycle.

The Role of Ryertex^® in Electrical Insulation for PowerGen Systems

Ryertex^® is a family of fiber-reinforced plastic composites developed to deliver superior performance in high-stress industrial applications. Designed to replace metal in wear-heavy environments, Ryertex^® materials offer excellent electrical insulation, thermal stability, and resistance to friction and corrosion. These qualities make them ideal for industries such as steel production, oil and gas, paper and lumber processing, and more.

In PowerGen systems, where components must endure intense electrical, thermal, and mechanical demands, Ryertex^® provides a reliable alternative to traditional materials. Whether used in bearings or wear plates, Ryertex^® helps extend equipment life and improve system safety.

Ryertex^® Properties in PowerGen Systems

PowerGen systems operate under conditions that challenge the durability of conventional materials. Components face high voltages, elevated temperatures, and constant mechanical loading. Ryertex^® excels in this environment thanks to the following key properties:

Ryertex^® Applications in PowerGen Systems

Given its unique material advantages, Ryertex^® is used in a variety of high-performance PowerGen system components:

Grades

Each Ryertex^® grade is engineered for specific environments and performance needs. Examples include:

Learn More from WS Hampshire

WS Hampshire is a trusted source for high-performance thermoset and thermoplastic components tailored to your application needs. Our team fabricates custom bearings, bushings, wear pads, and electrical insulation parts that stand up to the harsh conditions of PowerGen systems.

With over 130 years of experience, we help industries transition from traditional metal to advanced non-metallic materials that reduce weight, lower costs, and boost performance. To learn more about Ryertex^® applications or request a custom solution, contact us today.

Structural Applications of Ryertex in PowerGen Facilities

Ryertex is a family of high-performance, fiber-reinforced plastic composites used for electrical insulation and wear applications, especially where high speeds, heavy loads, and extreme temperatures are present. Ryertex has demonstrated proven performance in industries like aerospace, aluminum and steel mills, copper processing, mining, military, and oil and gas. Its versatility also makes it a critical material in power generation and distribution facilities where durable, heat-resistant components are essential.

Ryertex Properties

Since the 1930s, Ryertex has rapidly gained recognition as a trusted material that can replace metal in certain industrial applications. It met an immediate need in World War II when demand for non-metallic components surged. Today, it continues to provide exceptional performance in even the toughest environments.

Ryertex FR4

One of the most popular Ryertex grades is FR4, a flame-retardant laminate known for its robust mechanical strength and superior thermal properties. This grade maintains excellent performance even under extreme conditions, making it a preferred choice for components like wear plates and fiber bearings. At WS Hampshire, we offer custom-fabricated Ryertex FR4 solutions such as bushings, bearings, and more, tailored to meet your specific needs.

Ryertex G10 and G11

For more demanding applications, Ryertex G10 and Ryertex G11 are excellent choices. Ryertex G10 is a fiberglass-reinforced laminate with epoxy resin that offers exceptional electrical insulation, heat resistance, and mechanical strength. Ryertex G11 provides enhanced thermal stability at higher temperatures, making it ideal for environments where standard materials would fail. These materials are often used in data centers, cutting-edge technologies like fusion energy, and renewable energy systems such as solar and wind.

Ryertex G10 and G11 materials offer:

• High dielectric strength. It guarantees reliable electrical insulation in high-voltage settings.
• Superior mechanical strength. This maintains structural integrity over time.
• Heat and flame resistance. G10 handles up to 130 °C, and G11 withstands temperatures up to 180 °C.
• Chemical and moisture resistance. It ensures longevity in harsh environmental conditions.
• Low thermal expansion. The material maintains dimensional stability even under fluctuating temperatures.

Ryertex Applications in PowerGen Facilities

A review of key Ryertex applications reveals why the material is vital to the power generation sector. Due to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties, Ryertex is the go-to material for components that must withstand tough conditions, providing the durability and performance that powergen facilities rely on.

Cooling System Components

Ryertex improves both air-cooled and liquid cooling systems, particularly in components that must withstand high temperatures without compromising performance. Its heat-resistant properties make Ryertex an excellent choice for these critical parts.

Wear Components

Ryertex is commonly used in components like fiber bearings and wear plates in powergen facilities where high speeds, heavy loads, and temperatures can break down traditional materials. It’s a viable alternative to metal, and it reduces the need for lubrication, guaranteeing consistent operation in challenging environments.

Metal Replacement

Ryertex serves as a replacement for metal in certain applications, particularly when lubrication is hard to maintain or when a lighter material is needed. Its winning combination of strength, durability, and low friction makes Ryertex a valuable choice for many industrial components.

Bearings and Bushings

Ryertex offers low-friction solutions in even the most demanding conditions, so it’s commonly used in plain and sleeve bearings. It performs well under stress and high heat, making it a reliable material for these important components in powergen facilities.

Partner with WS Hampshire for Your Ryertex Needs

WS Hampshire is a trusted provider of custom Ryertex solutions for power facilities and beyond. With an extensive background dating back to the 1890s, we specialize in the engineering and fabrication of high-quality, non-metallic components that replace traditional metals in heavy-duty environments. Our expertise allows us to deliver custom bearings, bushings, wear pads, and other components that boost performance, reduce assembly weight, and lower operating costs.

To learn more about how our Ryertex solutions can enhance your operations or to inquire about custom components, contact us today.

Ten Industries That Rely on Custom Plastic Machining

The plastic fabrication industry serves a diverse cross-section of commercial and industrial interests. Innumerable products require custom plastic components to optimally suit their applications, driving constant market demand for experienced plastic parts fabricators dedicated to quality and service. Read on to learn more about the advantages of custom plastic machining and the industries that most commonly benefit from these services.

Benefits of Custom Plastic Machining

Choosing to incorporate custom-machined parts of durable plastic can be highly advantageous for your end products. The primary benefits of this process include:

Top 10 Industries That Rely on Custom Plastic Machining

Its high versatility lends custom plastic machining to many different markets.

Military

The military is one of the top markets for plastic fabrication services. Military organizations capitalize on the benefits of machining to generate high volumes of strong yet affordable components ranging from personal protective equipment (PPE) and gear to parts for mechanical and electrical systems.

Aviation/Aerospace

Since 1970, these industries’ use of plastic components has quadrupled. Companies are swapping metal for plastics to create FAA-compliant parts that have comparable strength at a fraction of the weight. Maximizing strength-to-weight ratios in this way helps dramatically cut down on fuel costs (approximately $1,000 saved for every pound taken off a plane’s weight over the craft’s lifespan).

Telecommunications

Telecom companies depend on custom plastic machining services to rapidly manufacture long-lasting parts that improve network performance and reduce downtime. With the potential to dissipate static, plastics can also provide high corrosion and thermal resistance, all properties that help telecom components protect sensitive electrical devices against damage.

Consumer Electronics

Plastic parts manufacturers also assist the modern consumer electronics industry. Lightweight, durable machined components of hard plastic provide an affordable means of protecting cellular phones, computers, and other sensitive or portable electronic devices.

Medical

The healthcare sector depends on highly specialized, precision plastic components that are long-lasting, simple to clean, and meet strict regulatory standards. Alternatively, the industry also utilizes disposable plastic products that must be produced economically. Custom plastic machining can achieve these goals affordably and efficiently.

Construction

While plastics aren’t typically the ideal material for structural applications, the construction industry still relies on many custom-machined plastic components. Common examples include tools and hardware that are economical and lightweight yet durable.

Oil and Gas

The oil and gas sector requires highly specialized plastic parts capable of withstanding extremely high temperatures, pressures, and loads. Plastic also resists many types of chemicals and oil while supporting operational safety, allowing companies to machine components that are fully compliant with all necessary industry standards, including ISO, ASME, API, NACE, and Norsok.

Agriculture

From irrigation systems and spray tanks to augers and greenhouse components, plastic machined parts are indispensable to modern agriculture. In fact, the U.S. agricultural sector utilizes an estimated 1 billion pounds of plastic per year. Custom components of plastic construction help agricultural operations protect the land and crops from weeds, insects, and even excessive sunlight and moisture loss in dry locations.

Food

Products machined from food-safe plastics help food and beverage companies meet FDA regulations. From safe food storage to utensils, the food and beverage market reaps the benefits of custom plastic goods.

Waste Treatment

Plastic machined products are ideal for wastewater treatment applications, due to their material’s high chemical resistance and low porosity. Custom plastic valves, pipes, rollers, and screens don’t absorb moisture or contaminants, helping improve sanitation at waste treatment facilities.

Custom Plastic Machining at WS Hampshire, Inc.

Custom plastic machining provides several key benefits, facilitating rapid prototyping and scalable production. Advancements in the plastic machining industry make increasingly complex parts possible while reducing costs and products’ time to market. At WS Hampshire, we pride ourselves on being at the forefront of plastic machining, creating high-quality components tailored to your specific applications. To learn more about our capabilities for custom production and how we can support projects in your industry, contact us today.